====== Ham Radio Laws in the US When Mobile ======

Laws governing the use of electronic communication devices while driving vary by state within the United States. Many states that enforce restrictions on mobile device use explicitly exempt amateur radio operations, but General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS) devices may not receive the same exemptions.

The **ARRL** has published a [[https://www.arrl.org/files/file/MobileAmateurRadioPolicyStatement.pdf|policy statement]] regarding mobile amateur radio operations and the proliferation of laws restricting the use of personal electronic communication devices.

===== Legal Disclaimer =====

The information provided here is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Readers are encouraged to consult their attorney for guidance on any specific legal matter. RepeaterBook makes no guarantees regarding the accuracy or timeliness of the information and advises users to review state and local laws independently.

===== Overview of State Laws =====

Below are summaries of laws governing the use of mobile communication devices in various states:

==== Alabama ====

**Alabama Code Title 32. Motor Vehicles and Traffic § 32-5A-350**

- **Summary**: Prohibits the use of handheld devices for texting or other manual text-based communication while driving. Exceptions include:
  - Voice-operated devices requiring minimal manual input.
  - Emergency communication (e.g., calling law enforcement or fire services).
- **Opinion**: Legal for amateur radios installed in the vehicle (mobile radios). Use of handheld radios (HTs) is not explicitly exempted.

==== Alaska ====

**Alaska Statutes Title 28. Motor Vehicles § 28.35.161**

- **Summary**: Prohibits the use of visual displays or text-based communication while driving. Exceptions include:
  - Voice-based communication.
  - Navigation or GPS devices.
  - Emergency vehicles and personnel.
- **Opinion**: Legal for amateur radio operations while driving.

==== Arizona ====

**Arizona Revised Statutes § 28-914**

- **Summary**: Prohibits holding or supporting portable communication devices while driving. Exceptions include:
  - Hands-free operation.
  - FCC-licensed radio operators using radio frequency devices.
  - Use of two-way radios for occupational duties.
- **Opinion**: Legal for mobile amateur radios. Handheld radios are permitted only for emergency use.

==== Arkansas ====

**Arkansas Code Title 27, Chapter 51, Subchapter 15**

- **Summary**: Prohibits handheld wireless communication for text-based interaction while driving. Exemptions apply to:
  - Emergency personnel.
  - Communication in emergencies.
- **Opinion**: No specific exemption for amateur radios, but general handheld use may be restricted.

==== California ====

**California Vehicle Code § 23123.5**

- **Summary**: Prohibits holding and operating handheld communication devices while driving unless configured for hands-free operation. Exceptions include:
  - Manufacturer-installed systems embedded in vehicles.
  - Hands-free activation or deactivation with minimal manual interaction.
- **Opinion**: Unclear. Wired microphones may be permissible; handheld operation (HTs) likely restricted.

==== Connecticut ====

**Public Act 12-67**

- **Summary**: Exempts FCC-licensed amateur radio operators from handheld communication restrictions. Other exemptions include:
  - Emergency personnel.
  - Emergency communications with first responders.
- **Opinion**: Legal. Amateur radio use is explicitly permitted.

==== Indiana ====

**Indiana Code § 35-44-3-12**

- **Summary**: Prohibits unauthorized use of "police radios" but exempts:
  - FCC-licensed amateur radio operators.
  - Emergency personnel and other specific users.
- **Opinion**: Legal. Amateur radio operators are explicitly exempted.

===== Key Considerations =====

1. **Amateur Radio Exemptions**:
   - Many states explicitly exempt amateur radio operations from restrictions on mobile communication devices.
   - Always check for specific language in the statutes regarding FCC-licensed operators.

2. **Handheld Radios (HTs)**:
   - While mobile radios installed in vehicles are often allowed, the legality of handheld radios varies.
   - HTs are typically more restricted due to their similarity to handheld cell phones.

3. **Coordination with Local Laws**:
   - Users are advised to verify state and local laws to ensure compliance.
   - Consult the ARRL's [[https://www.arrl.org/files/file/MobileAmateurRadioPolicyStatement.pdf|policy statement]] for further guidance.

4. **GMRS Devices**:
   - GMRS devices are often not exempted, as they lack the same regulatory status as amateur radios.

===== Additional Resources =====

  * [[https://www.repeaterbook.com|RepeaterBook Home]]
  * [[https://www.arrl.org/files/file/MobileAmateurRadioPolicyStatement.pdf|ARRL Mobile Amateur Radio Policy Statement]]
  * [[https://www.fcc.gov/wireless/bureau-divisions/mobility-division/amateur-radio-service|FCC Amateur Radio Service]]